Introduction to Electronics Instrumentation: Introduction to Electronics Instrumentation which serves not only science but all branches of engineering, medicine, and almost every human endeavour. The knowledge of any parameter largely depends on the measurement. The indepth knowledge of any parameter can … (Read More)

Static Characteristics of Measuring Instruments: The Static Characteristics of Measuring Instruments are, in general, considered for instruments which are used to measure an unvarying process condition. All the static performance characteristics are obtained by one form or another of a process called … (Read More)

Errors in Measurement: Errors in Measurement is the process of comparing an unknown quantity with an accepted standard quantity. It involves connecting a measuring instrument into the system under consideration and observing the resulting response on the instrument. The measurement thus obtained is … (Read More)

Types of Static Error: The static error of a measuring instrument is the numerical difference between the true value of a quantity and its value as obtained by measurement, i.e. repeated measurement of the same quantity gives different indications. Types of … (Read More)

Dynamic Characteristics: Instruments rarely respond instantaneously to changes in the measured variables. Instead, they exhibit slowness or sluggishness due to such things as mass, thermal capacitance, fluid capacitance or electric capacitance. In addition to this, pure delay in time is often … (Read More)

Statistical Analysis of Measurement Data: The statistical analysis of measurement data is important because it allows an analytical determination of the uncertainty of the final test result. To make statistical analysis meaningful, a large number of measurements is usually required. Systematic … (Read More)

Different Types of Standards of Measurement: A standard is physical representation of a unit of measurement. A known accurate measure of physical quantity is termed as a standard. These Standards of Measurement are used to determine the values of other physical … (Read More)

Atomic frequency standards and clocks: Atomic frequency standards and clocks – The measurement of time has two different aspects, civil and scientific. In most scientific work, it is desired to know how long an event lasts, or if dealing with an … (Read More)