Solid State Modulator/Demodulator Circuit: A solid state modulator/demodulator circuit is shown in Fig. 14.41. The transformer T is driven by an ac source and couples each secondary connected to the two transistor pairs, Q1 -…
Reluctance Pulse Pick up Transducer: This Reluctance Pulse Pick up Transducer is very suitable for the measurement of shaft speed and liquid flow. It is based on the principle that if the field of any…
Frequency Generating Transducer: Frequency Generating Transducer - Unlike variable parameter analog transducers, frequency and pulse generating transducers measure physical variables in terms of a pulse repetition rate. Since frequency is an analog quantity, these can…
Platinum Thin Film RTD Sensors: Platinum Thin Film RTD Sensors are manufactured by a very thin layer of platinum in suitable pattern to achieve smaller dimension and higher resistance, on a ceramic base. The deposition…
Phototransistor Construction and Working Principle: The sensitivity of a photo diode can be increased by as much as 100 times by adding a junction, resulting in an NPN device. A simple representation of the Phototransistor…
Photovoltaic Cell Working Principle and Types of Photovoltaic Cells: The Photovoltaic Cell Working Principle or solar cell, produces an electrical current when connected to a load. Both silicon (Si) and selenium (Se) types are known…
Resonance Bridge for Measurement of Inductance or Capacitance: One arm of this Resonance Bridge, shown in Fig. 11.29, consists of a series resonance circuit. The series resonance circuit is formed by Rd, Cd and Ld…
AC Wheatstone Bridge: Impedances at AF or RF are commonly determined by means of an ac Wheatstone bridge. The diagram of an ac bridge is given in Fig. 11.17. This bridge is similar to a…
Microprocessor Controlled Bridge: Microprocessor Controlled Bridge - Digital computers have been used in conjunction with test systems, bridges, and process controllers for several years. In these applications, computers were used to give instructions and perform…
Delayed Sweep Oscilloscope: Many oscilloscopes of laboratory quality include a delayed sweep feature. Delayed Sweep Oscilloscope feature increases the versatility of the instrument by making it possible to magnify a selected portion of an undelayed…