Derivation of Single Phase Quantity from Three Phase System: It will be seen later that auxiliary channels or pilot wires are used to transmit information from one end of the line to the other end.…
Methods of Discrimination in Power System Protection: Methods of Discrimination in Power System Protection are basically of two types: those which discriminate as to the location of fault, and those which discriminate as to the…
Tunnel Diode Parallel Amplifier Circuit: For operation as an amplifier, a tunnel diode must be biased to the center of its negative resistance region. Figure 21-17(a) shows the basic circuit of a Tunnel Diode Parallel…
Tunnel Diode Operation and Characteristics: Tunnel Diode Operation - A tunnel diode (sometimes called an Esaki diode after its inventor, Leo Esaki) is a two-terminal negative resistance device that can be employed as an amplifier,…
Thermistor Operation: The word thermistor is a combination of thermal and resistor. A thermistor is a resistor with definite thermal characteristics. Most thermistors have a negative temperature coefficient (NTC), but positive temperature coefficient (PTC) devices…
Voltage Variable Capacitors: VVC Operation - Voltage Variable Capacitors diodes (VVCs) are also known as varicaps, varactors, and as tuning diodes. Basically, a Voltage Variable Capacitors is a reverse biased diode, and its capacitance is…
Optocoupler Circuit Operation: An Optocoupler Circuit Operation (optoelectronic coupler) is essentially a photo-transistor and an LED combined in one package. Figure 20-35(a) and (b) shows the typical circuit and terminal arrangement for one such device…
Photodarlington Working: The Photodarlington Working shown in (Fig. 20-33) consists of a phototransistor connected in Darlington arrangement with another transistor. This device is capable of producing much higher output currents than a phototransistor, and so…
Phototransistor Working: A Phototransistor Working is similar to an ordinary BJT except that its collector base junction is constructed like a photodiode. Instead of a base current, the input to the transistor is in the…
Solar Energy Conversion Diagram: The Solar Energy Conversion Diagram, or solar energy converter, is essentially a large photodiode designed to operate solely as a photovoltaic device and to give as much output power as possible.…
