Transistor Models and Parameters: T-Equivalent Circuit - Because a transistor consists of two pn-junctions with a common centre block, it should be possible to use two pn-junction ac equivalent circuits as the Transistor Models and…
AC Load Line of BJT: AC Equivalent Circuits - Capacitors behave as short-circuits to ac signals, so in the ac equivalent circuit for a transistor circuit all capacitors must be replaced with short-circuits. Power supplies…
Coupling and Bypassing Capacitors: Coupling Capacitors - To use a transistor circuit to amplify or otherwise process an ac signal, the signal source must be connected to the circuit input. If the source is directly…
Biasing Transistor Switching Circuits: Direct-Coupled Switching Circuit - When a transistor is used as a Biasing Transistor Switching Circuits, it is either biased off to IC = 0, or biased on to its maximum collector…
Bias Circuit Thermal Stability: VBE and ICBO Variations - Many transistor circuits are required to operate over a wide temperature range. So, another aspect of bias circuit stability is Bias Circuit Thermal Stability, or how stable…
Bias Circuit Design: Bias Circuit Design can be amazingly simple. Usually, it is just a matter of determining the required voltage across each resistor and the appropriate current levels. Then, the resistor values are calculated…
BJT Bias Circuit Troubleshooting: Voltage Measurement - When a BJT Bias Circuit Troubleshooting is constructed in a laboratory situation, the supply voltage (VCC) and the voltage levels at the transistor terminals (VC, VB and VE) should…
Comparison of Different Biasing Circuits: The Comparison of Different Biasing Circuits of the three basic bias circuits, it must be recalled that transistor manufacturers specify maximum and minimum hFE values for each transistor type number at…
Voltage Divider Bias Circuit: Circuit Operation - Voltage Divider Bias Circuit, also known as emitter current bias, is the most stable of the three basic transistor bias circuits. A voltage divider bias circuit is shown…
Collector to Base Bias Circuit: The Collector to Base Bias Circuit shown in Fig. 5-17(a) has the base resistor (RB) connected between the transistor collector and base terminals. As will be demonstrated, this circuit has…
