Coefficient of Adhesion in Traction: In Coefficient of Adhesion in Traction, the task of driving equipment consists of pushing the carriage on which it is mounted and pulling coaches and wagons behind it. Wheels coupled…
Nature of Traction Load: Nature of Traction Load describes as when the train runs at a constant velocity on level track, a number of frictional forces oppose its motion. The friction at bearings, guides etc.…
Electric Traction Services: Electric Traction Services can be broadly classified as: Electric Trains. Electric buses, trams (or tramways) and trolleys. Battery driven and solar powered vehicles. Electric Trains: Electric trains run on fixed rails. They…
Battery Powered Vehicles: Battery Powered Vehicles - These are popularly known as electric vehicles. Although several batteries and fuel cells have been developed, only available at affordable price is the lead acid battery. Therefore, electric…
Solar Powered Pump Drives: Solar Powered Pump Drives: Centrifugal and reciprocating. Their speed-torque characteristics are shown in Fig. 9.3. Centrifugal pump requires only a small torque to start whereas reciprocating pump owing to stiction may…
Solar Panels or Photovoltaic Cells: A Solar Panels or Photovoltaic Cells converts sunlight into electricity. Single crystal, polycrystal and amorphous silicon cells have been employed. The open circuit voltage is about 0.5 V for mono-and…
Switched Reluctance Motor: The switched reluctance motor (SRM) has both salient pole stator and rotor, like variable stepper motor, but they are designed for different applications, and therefore, with different performance requirements. A stepper motor…
Drive Circuits for Stepper Motor: A Drive Circuits for Stepper Motor is usually driven from a low voltage dc source. When a phase is to be energised, the dc source is connected to the phase…
Advantage and Disadvantage of Stepper Motors: Advantage and Disadvantage of Stepper Motors are as follows; Advantages They are compatible with digital systems and do not require digital to analog conversion at the input, as do…
Variable Reluctance Stepper Motor: Variable reluctance stepper motor can be of single-stack or multi-stack type. Single Stack Variable Reluctance Motor: A variable reluctance stepper motor has salient pole (or tooth) stator and rotor. While rotor…
