Control of Switching Overvoltage: The Control of Switching Overvoltage and power frequency may be controlled by energization of transmission lines in one or more steps by inserting resistances and withdrawing them afterwards, Phase controlled closing…
Power Frequency Overvoltages in Power Systems: The Power Frequency Overvoltages occur in large power systems and they are of much concern in EHV systems, i.e. systems of 400 kV and above. The main causes for…
Switching Surges in Transmission Line: Till the time when the transmission voltages were about 220 kV and below, over-voltages due to lightning were of very high order and overvoltages generated inside the system were not…
Rectangular Travelling Wave: Reflection and transmission of a Rectangular Travelling Wave at junction points of unequal impedances in a transmission line are of great importance in transmission systems. Depending on the type of impedance at…
Transmission of Waves at Transition Points: Whenever there is an abrupt change in the parameters of a transmission line, such as an open circuit or a termination, the travelling wave undergoes a transition, part of…
Attenuation and Distortion of Travelling Waves: As a Travelling Waves moves along a line, it suffers both attenuation and distortion. The decrease in the magnitude of the wave as it propagates along the line is…
Classification of Transmission Lines: Classification of Transmission Lines are usually classified as Lines with no loss or ideal lines, Lines without distortion or distortion less lines Lines with small losses, and Lines with infinite and…
Travelling Waves on Transmission Lines: Any disturbance on a Travelling Waves on Transmission Lines or system such as sudden opening or closing of line, a short circuit or a fault results in the development of…
Mathematical Model of Lightning Stroke: During the charge formation process, the cloud may be considered to be a nonconductor. Hence, various potentials may be assumed at different parts of the cloud. If the charging process…
Parameters and Characteristics of Lightning Strokes: The parameters and Characteristics of Lightning Strokes include the amplitude of the currents, the rate of rise, the probability distribution of the above, and the waveshapes of the lightning…
