Conduction and Breakdown in Pure Liquids: When low electric fields less than 1 kV/cm are applied, conductivities of 10-18-10-20 mho/cm are obtained. Conduction and Breakdown in Pure Liquids are probably due to the impurities remaining…
Pure Liquids and Commercial Liquids: Pure liquids are those which are chemically pure and do not contain any other impurity even in traces of 1 in I09, and are structurally simple. Examples of such simple…
Characteristics of Liquid Dielectrics: Essential Characteristics of Liquid Dielectrics should possess good dielectric properties, excellent heat transfer characteristics and must be chemically stable under the range of conditions under which the equipment operates. These are briefly…
Classification of Liquid Dielectrics: In recent years, a substitute to mineral oils, other polyester oils have been developed which are extensively used in transformers in Europe and other countries. One such oil is the halogen free Penta-Etythrite-Tetra…
Liquid Dielectrics Breakdown: Liquid dielectrics, because of their inherent properties, appear as though they would be more useful as insulating materials than either solids or gases. This is because both liquids and solids are usually…
Vacuum Breakdown: In the Townsend type of discharge in a gas described earlier, electrons get multiplied due to various ionization processes and an electron avalanche is formed. In a high Vacuum Breakdown, even if the…
Vacuum Insulation: The idea of using Vacuum Insulation purposes is very old. According to the Townsend theory, the growth of current in a gap depends on the drift of the charged particles. In the absence…
Gases and Gas Mixtures for Insulation Purposes: Over the years, considerable amount of work has been done to adopt a specific gas for practical use. Before adopting a particular gas or gas mixtures for a…
Post Breakdown Phenomena in Gases: This is the Post Breakdown Phenomena in Gases which occurs after the actual breakdown has taken place and is of technical importance. Glow and arc discharges are the Post Breakdown…
Breakdown in Non Uniform Fields: In Breakdown in Non Uniform Fields, such as coaxial cylinders, point-plane and sphere-plane gaps, the applied field varies across the gap. Similarly, Townsend's first ionization coefficient (α) also varies with…
