PN Junction Semiconductor: Two blocks of PN Junction Semiconductor material are represented in Fig. 1-17; one block is p-type material, and the other is n-type. The small circles in the p-type material represent holes, which…
P Type and N Type Semiconductor: Doping : Pure semiconductor material is known as intrinsic material. Before intrinsic material can be used for device manufacture, impurity atoms must be added to improve its conductivity. The…
Conductor Semiconductor and Insulator: Bonding Forces Between Atoms: Whether a material is a Conductor Semiconductor and Insulator depends largely upon what happens to the outer-shell electrons when the atoms bond themselves together to form a…
Conduction in Solids: Conduction in Solids or any given material occurs when an applied voltage causes electrons within the material to move in a desired direction. This may be due to one or both of…
Bandwidth Requirement in Communication System: It is reasonable to expect that the frequency range i.e., Bandwidth Requirement in Communication System for a given transmission should depend on the Bandwidth occupied by the modulation signals themselves.…
Need of Modulation in Communication System: Until the process of superimposing a low-frequency (long-wave) voice information component on a high-frequency (short-wave) carrier signal was perfected, the most widely used form of communications was a system…
Future Development of Utilization of Electrical Power: As this is being written the whole energy field is so clouded in uncertainties that it would be foolish to attempt any quantitative predictions for the future. However,…
Structure of Power System of Energy Electric System: An Structure of Power System, even the smallest one, constitutes an electric network of vast complexity. The one factor that determines the system structure more than any…
Structure of U.S. Electric Utility Industry: As noted from Fig. 1-1 the U.S. electric energy or power industry, more commonly known as the electric utility industry, is made up of four ownership segments, representing more…
Energy Efficiency Definition: Energy Efficiency is available in various forms from different natural sources such as pressure head of water, chemical energy of fuels, nuclear energy of radioactive substances etc. All these forms of energy…
