Introduction to Oscilloscopes: Introduction to Oscilloscopes - The Cathode Ray Oscilloscope is probably the most versatile tool for the development of electronic circuits and systems. The Cathode Ray Oscilloscope allows the amplitude of electrical signals,…
IEEE 488 Bus Block Diagram: The purpose of IEEE 488 BUS is to provide digital interfacing between programmable instruments. There are many instrumentation systems in which interactive instruments, under the command of a central controller,…
Microprocessor Based Instruments: Microprocessor Based Instruments - Digital instruments are designed around digital logic circuits without memory. The use of microprocessors as an integral part of measuring instruments has given rise to a whole new…
Digital Capacitance Meter Block Diagram: Digital Capacitance Meter - Since the capacitance is linearly proportional to the time constant, when a capacitor is charged by a constant current source and discharged through a fixed resistance,…
Digital Phase Meter Block Diagram and Working Principle: Digital Phase Meter - The simplest technique to measure the phase difference between two signals employs two flip-flops. The signals to be fed must be of the…
Automation in Digital Instruments: Automation in Digital Instruments - One of the advantages of digital multimeters is their ease of operation. The reading is easy to take and does not lend itself to errors of…
Digital Measurement of Frequency (Mains): Digital Measurement of Frequency (Mains) - The conventional method of measuring the frequency of an electrical signal consists of counting the number of cycles of the input electrical signal during…
Different Modes of Operation of Electronic Counter: The decade counter can be easily incorporated in a commercial test instrument called an electronic counter. A decade counter, by itself, behaves as a totaliser by totalling the…
Decade Counter Circuit: A Decade Counter Circuit is of flip-flops (F/Fs) in cascade, which counts in the base 10 (decimal number system). This means that there is a sequence of ten distinct counts in increasing…
Universal Counter Timer: All measurements of time period and frequency by various circuits can be assembled together to form one complete block, called a Universal Counter Timer. The universal counter uses logic gates which are…
