Second Order Low Pass Butterworth Filter: The practical response of Second Order Low Pass Butterworth Filter must be very close to an ideal one. In case of low pass filter, it is always desirable that…

First Order Low Pass Butterworth Filter: The first order low pass butterworth filter is realized by R-C circuit used along with an op-amp, used in the noninverting configuration. The circuit diagram is shown in Fig.…

Butterworth Polynomials: The filter in which denominator polynomial of its transfer function is a Butterworth polynomial is called a Butterworth filters. The Butterworth polynomials of various orders are given in the Tables 2.3 and 2.4. The…

Filters in Linear Integrated Circuits: The Filters in Linear Integrated Circuits can be represented in the time domain and frequency domain as shown in Fig. 2.73 (a) and (b). As the filter is frequency selective…

Frequency Response for Low Pass Filter and High Pass Filter: The Fig. 2.71 shows the Frequency Response for Low Pass Filter. A low pass filters has a constant gain from 0 Hz to a high…

Basic Antilog Amplifier Using Diode: The circuit diagram of basic antilog amplifier using diode is shown in the Fig. 2.70. The positions of diode and resistance are exchanged as compared to log amplifier circuit. The…

Logarithmic Amplifier using Diode: The circuit diagram of basic Logarithmic Amplifier using Diode is shown in the Fig. 2.69. The diode D is used in the negative feedback path. The node A is grounded hence…

Op Amp with Diode Circuit: Consider a Op Amp with Diode Circuit as shown in the Fig. 2.68 (a) and the corresponding volt-ampere (V-I) characteristics in the Fig. 2.68 (b). The basic volt-ampere relationship for…

Precision Full Wave Rectifier: The Precision Full Wave Rectifier circuits accept an ac signal at the input, inverts either the negative or the positive half, and delivers both the inverted and noninverted halves at the…