Basic Controls of CRO: Number of controls are required to be provided on a panel of CRO to facilitate its proper functioning. Intensity control is provided for adjustment of brightness of the spot on the…
What is Focusing Device in Cathode Ray Oscilloscope and why it is required? Because of the mutual repulsion between the electrons, the convergent beam coming out from the accelerating anode has a tendency to spread…
Block Diagram of a General Purpose CRO and its workings: The modern time-domain General Purpose CRO, regardless of its sophistication, consists of the following main units. Cathode ray tube (CRT) — display device. Power supplies…
Conversion of Hybrid Parameters in Transistor Three Configurations: Some transistor manufacturers provide only the four CE hybrid parameters while others provide CB hybrid parameters. Sometimes, for a specific purpose, it becomes necessary to convert one…
Variations of Hybrid Parameters of a Transistor: The variation of h parameters depends upon junction temperature, collector current and collector-to-emitter voltage VCE. Among these factors, the variations of Hybrid Parameters of a Transistor due to…
Determination of h Parameters from Static Characteristics: Functional relationships for the CE configuration of total instantaneous collector current and base voltage in terms of two variables (base current and collector voltage) are given from earlier…
Experimental Determination of Hybrid Parameters: Determination of hybrid parameters of a general linear circuit has already been discussed. For determination of hybrid parameters for a CE transistor, consider the circuits given in Fig. 11.8. The…
Transistor Hybrid Model: The basic assumption in arriving at a transistor linear model or equivalent circuit is that the variations about the operating or quiescent point are small and, therefore, the transistor parameters can be…
Hybrid Parameters of Transistor or h Parameters and Hybrid Model: A box representing a two-port network is illustrated in Fig. 11.1. The terminal behavior of a two-port device may be specified by two voltages and…
Leakage Current in a Transistor and Breakdown Voltage: Leakage Currents: In CB circuits shown in Fig. 10.77, if emitter current is made zero, the B-C junction still remains reverse biased and therefore, a reverse-bias leakage…
