Integrating Sphere in illumination - Construction and Working Principle: It is a piece of apparatus which is now commonly employed for measurement of mean spherical candle power. In this method the sphere is used to…
What is a Photometer and Photometry? - Working Principle and Types: The candle power of a source in any given direction is measured by comparison with a standard or substandard source employing photometer bench and…
Polar Curve in illumination | Rousseau's Construction: Polar Curve in illumination - All discussions made so far were based on the assumption that the luminous intensity or the candle power from a source is uniformly…
Laws of illumination in Electrical: There are two laws of illumination Law of inverse squares and Lambert's cosine law. Law of Inverse Squares: If a source of light which emits light equally in all directions…
What is illumination? - Terms used in Illumination Light is the prime factor in the human life as all activities of human beings ultimately depend upon the light. Where there is no natural light, use…
Advantages and Disadvantages of Arc Welding: The Advantages and Disadvantages of Arc Welding having its distinctive merits and applications. The advantages of arc welding with dc lie in the higher arc stability and the degree…
Electric Welding Machine Working Principle: The electric welding machine sets may be either dc or ac type. 1. DC Welding Sets: Such sets are of two types namely (i) generator type and (ii) rectifier type.…
Power Sources for Welding Process: Both dc and ac are used for electric arc welding, each having its particular applications; in some cases either is suitable. The electric properties of the arc determines the requirements…
Electronic Control in Resistance Welding Process: As there are several factors, i.e., current, pressure, heat, time, to be considered, manual control does not yield good results in case of resistance welding. For the precise control…
Resistance Welding Machines - Overview and Circuit Diagram: Resistance welding machines incorporates a transformer, suitable electrodes for supplying current to the weld and arrangement for controlling the mechanical pressure, and finally, means for controlling the…
