Impulse Protective Gap Arrester: It was pointed out that the sphere gap has an impulse ratio of unity, but suffers from the drawback that the arc between its electrodes is not self-extinguishing. The horn gap…
Sphere Gap Arrester Diagram: In such a sphere gap arrester device the air gap is provided by two similar spheres—one connected to the line and another grounded. The spacing between the two spheres is very…
Carrier Aided Distance Protection Scheme: The directional comparison carrier pilot relay schemes presently employed are built around standard three-zone step type distance relays. This speeds up fault clearance for internal zone 2 faults. The carrier…
Directional Comparison Carrier Current Protection: The protection operates on the basis of comparison of the fault power flow directions at the two ends of the protected line. Operation takes place only when the flow of…
Carrier Current Protection of Transmission Lines: In modern high-power electrical systems it is necessary to have quick acting protections on long transmission lines. The requirements to be met by such protections are fully satisfied by…
Merz Hunter Split Conductor Protection of Feeders: This Merz Hunter Split Conductor Protection of Feeders system is another method of securing the benefits of a balanced method of protection without the necessity of using pilot…
Current Graded Overcurrent Protection: An alternative to time grading or in addition to time grading, current graded overcurrent protection can be applied when the impedance between two substations is sufficient. It is based on the…
Directional Overcurrent Protection Principle: For the main bus-bars in the power stations, due to their importance in the operating conditions, it is required that the disconnection be without any delay in the case of faults.…
Frame Leakage Protection of Busbar or Fault Bus Protection: Frame Leakage Protection of Busbar or Fault Bus Protection is one of the most simple form of protection and is applicable to small size metal-clad switchgear.…
Backup Protection of Busbar: Backup Protection of Busbar is the simplest of all to protect the buses with the aid of backup protections of the connected supplying elements which should respond to any fault appearing…
