Tunnel Diode Parallel Amplifier Circuit: For operation as an amplifier, a tunnel diode must be biased to the center of its negative resistance region. Figure 21-17(a) shows the basic circuit of a Tunnel Diode Parallel…
Tunnel Diode Operation and Characteristics: Tunnel Diode Operation - A tunnel diode (sometimes called an Esaki diode after its inventor, Leo Esaki) is a two-terminal negative resistance device that can be employed as an amplifier,…
Thermistor Operation: The word thermistor is a combination of thermal and resistor. A thermistor is a resistor with definite thermal characteristics. Most thermistors have a negative temperature coefficient (NTC), but positive temperature coefficient (PTC) devices…
Voltage Variable Capacitors: VVC Operation - Voltage Variable Capacitors diodes (VVCs) are also known as variÂcaps, varactors, and as tuning diodes. Basically, a Voltage Variable Capacitors is a reverse biased diode, and its capacitance is…
Optocoupler Circuit Operation: An Optocoupler Circuit Operation (optoelectronic coupler) is essentially a photo-transistor and an LED combined in one package. Figure 20-35(a) and (b) shows the typical circuit and terminal arrangement for one such device…
Photodarlington Working: The Photodarlington Working shown in (Fig. 20-33) consists of a phototransistor connected in Darlington arrangement with another transistor. This device is capable of producing much higher output currents than a phototransistor, and so…
Phototransistor Working: A Phototransistor Working is similar to an ordinary BJT except that its collector base junction is constructed like a photodiode. Instead of a base current, the input to the transistor is in the…
Solar Energy Conversion Diagram: The Solar Energy Conversion Diagram, or solar energy converter, is essentially a large photodiode designed to operate solely as a photovoltaic device and to give as much output power as possible.…
Photodiode Operation and Characteristics: Photodiode Operation - When a pn-Junction is reverse biased, a small reverse saturation current flows due to thermally generated holes and electrons being swept across the junction as minority charge carriers.…
Photoconductive Cell Construction and Working: Photoconductive Cell Construction and Working - Light striking the surface of a material can provide sufficient energy to cause electrons within the material to break away from their atoms. Thus,…
