Transistor Testing Circuit: In-Circuit Testing - A quick test to check if a transistor is operational can be performed while the device is still connected in a circuit. Consider Fig. 4-34, which shows a voltmeter…
Common Collector Characteristics of BJT: In the Common Collector Characteristics of BJT circuit arrangement of Fig. 4-31, the collector terminal is common to both input CB voltage and output CE voltage. Using this circuit, the…
CE Transistor Characteristics: Common Emitter Circuit - Figure 4-26 shows a circuit for determining CE Transistor Characteristics. The input voltage is applied between the B and E terminals, and the output is taken at the…
Common Base Transistor Characteristics: To investigate the Common Base Transistor Characteristics of a diode (a two-terminal device), several levels of forward or reverse bias voltage are applied and the resulting current levels are measured. The…
Amplification in Transistor: Current Amplification in Transistor - We already know that a transistor can be used for current amplification. A small change in the base current (ΔIB) produces a large change in collector current (ΔIC)…
Transistor Voltage and Current: The Transistor Voltage polarities for an npn transistor are shown in Fig. 4-10(a). As well as conventional current direction, the direction of the arrowhead indicates the transistor bias polarities. For an…
Transistor Operation: pnp and npn Transistor Operation - A junction transistor is simply a sandwich of one type of semiconductor material (p-type or n-type) between two layers of the opposite type. A block representation of a…
Diode Logic Circuits: A Diode Logic Circuits produces an output voltage which is either high or low, depending upon the levels of several input voltages. The two basic logic circuits are the AND gate and…
Voltage Doubler Circuit: A Voltage Doubler Circuit produces an output voltage which is approximately double the peak voltage of the input waveform. Consideration of the voltage doubler circuit diagram in Fig. 3-42 shows that it…
Clamping Circuit: Negative and Positive Voltage Clamping Circuits - A clamping circuit, also known as a dc restorer, changes the dc voltage level of a waveform, but does not affect its shape Consider the clamping…
