Transistor Action : Operation of PNP Transistor: Transistor action - Transistors of both types (P-N-P and N-P-N) behave exactly in the same way except change in biasing and majority carriers. In P-N-P transistors the conduction…
Transistor Terminals (Emitter, Collector and Base): As mentioned already, transistor is a single crystal in which there are two P-N junctions, as shown in Fig. 10.1. The idea behind is to have first section to…
Transistor Construction: The transistor construction consists of a silicon or germanium (preferably silicon because of its smaller cutoff current ICBO, smaller variations in ICBO due to variations in temperature and higher operating temperature) crystal in which…
Three Phase Rectifiers: Three-Phase Half-Wave Rectifier : Figure 9.11 illustrates a circuit for a 3-phase half-wave rectifier. The three diodes are connected to the three phases of a 3-phase transformer star-connected secondary. Neutral point N…
Voltage Multipliers - Voltage Doublers, Triplers and Quadruplers Voltage multipliers is a modified capacitor filter circuit that delivers a dc voltage twice or more times of the peak value (amplitude) of the input ac voltage.…
What is Bleeder Resistor? - Working and Its Functions The operation of an inductor filter is based on the fact that a minimum current flows through it at all times. To provide flow of this…
What is Surge Current? - Definition and Workings Before switching on of power supply, the filter capacitor is uncharged [Fig. 9.23]. At the instant the power supply is switched on, the uncharged capacitor behaves like…
Baritt diode - Working and Applications: The barrier-inject transit time (BARITT) diode is basically a back-to-back pair of diodes biased into reach-through condition. It belongs to the transit-time microwave diode family. In this diode microwave…
What is a thermistor? - Definition, Symbol and V-I Characteristics: The word thermistor is a combination of thermal and resistor. A thermistor is a resistor with definite thermal characteristics. Most thermistors have a negative temperature…
Varistors or Voltage Dependent Resistors (VDRS): Varistors, also called the voltage dependent resistors (VDRs), show a high degree of nonlinearity between their resistance value and the applied voltage. They are made of non-homogeneous materials giving…
