What is a Digital Integrated Circuit? In an integrated circuit, components such as diodes, transistors, resistors, inductors etc. are integral parts of the chip. And on surface of this chip, which is very small piece of semiconductor material, miniature circuits are … (Read More)

What is Resistor Transistor Logic (RTL) Circuit? Resistor Transistor Logic (RTL) is a saturated logic and makes use of only transistors and resistors as circuit elements and also of resistors in the input to each base. This family is based on … (Read More)

What is Diode Transistor Logic (DTL) Circuit? Diode Transistor Logic (DTL) is also a saturated logic and uses diodes, resistors and transis­tors. The circuit diagram is shown in Fig. 47.2. The ba­sic DTL logic circuit is the NAND gate. When inputs to … (Read More)

What is Transistor Transistor Logic (TTL) Circuit? Texas instruments introduced transistor transistor logic (TTL), a widely used family of digital devices in 1964. It is fast, inexpensive and easy to use. Transistor Transistor Logic family consists of variety of SSI and … (Read More)

What is Emitter Coupled Logic (ECL) Circuit? Emitter coupled logic (ECL) is the fastest of all logic families and, therefore, is employed in applications where very high speed is essential. High speeds have become possible in ECL because the transistors are … (Read More)

Integrated Injection Logic (IIL or I2L) Circuit: It is the latest entry into the bipolar saturated logic field. It uses no biasing and loading resistors at all. Resistors require lot of power and space on an IC chip. Hence, their elimination … (Read More)

What is Tristate Logic or Three State Logic Circuit? Tristate Logic or Three State Logic Circuit – In normal logic circuits there are two states of output, either low or high. But in complex digital systems like microcomputers and microprocessors, a … (Read More)

TTL Characteristics and other TTL Series: The first time standard TTL ICs were introduced by Taxas Instruments Corporation. They introduced 54 and 74 series, which were widely used as IC logic families. The major difference in these two series is that … (Read More)

Comparison of Logic Families: The following are the Comparison of Logic Families are 1. RTL and DTL families have become obsolete because of their low speed, high power dissipation, and low fan-out. 2. TTL is the most popular general purpose logic family. It … (Read More)