Important Questions of Integrated Circuits:

  1. Give classification of integrated circuits.
  2. Compare IC families on the basis of substrate used, structure, active devices, passive devices and applications.
  3. What are the different levels of integration ?
  4. Write different processes involved in IC fabrication.
  5. Write a note on crystal growth and wafer preparation
  6. List and explain different orientations in silicon.
  7. Write a note on wafer etching.
  8. Explain epitaxial growth in IC fabrication.
  9. What is vapour phase epitaxy ? Explain the same with suitable diagram.
  10. Write advantages and disadvantages of molecular beam epitaxy.
  11. Write the important uses of silicon dioxide.
  12. Write a note on different techniques of oxidation.
  13. Explain in brief oxide properties.
  14. What are oxide charges ?
  15. Explain in brief oxidation induced defects.
  16. What is lithography ? Explain in brief lithographic process with schematic representation.
  17. Write a note on optical lithography.
  18. Explain in brief photo etching process with suitable diagrams.
  19. What is reactive plasma etching ?
  20. Explain the working of op-amp inverting amplifier. Derive the expression for its voltage gain.
  21. Explain the working of op-amp noninverting amplifier. Derive the expression for its voltage
  22. Compare inverting and non-inverting amplifier.
  23. Explain the use of voltage follower circuit.
  24. Explain the working of inverting summer with suitable example.
  25. Explain the working of non-inverting summer with neat circuit diagram.
  26. Explain how the average circuit can be derived from the summer.
  27. Show that the output of the subtractor is proportional to the difference between the two input
  28. What is an active integrator ? With neat circuit diagram explain the working of an active
  29. Explain and draw the output waveforms of the ideal integrator circuit when the input is Sine wave ii. Step input iii. Square wave
  30. Explain the various errors in ann ideal integrator circuit. How these errors are minimised.
  31. Explain the practical integrator circuit. Explain its advantages.
  32. Explain the working of a summing integrator.
  33. Explain the working of an ideal active differentiator.
  34. What are the limitations of an ideal active differentiator ?
  35. Explain the working of practical differentiator.
  36. Explain the applications of a practical differentiator.
  37. Explain the working of summing differentiator.
  38. What is an instrumentation amplifier ? Explain with suitable examples.
  39. What are the basic requirements of a good instrumentation amplifier ?
  40. Draw and explain the commonly used three op-amp instrumentation amplifier circuit. Derive expression for its gain.
  41. What are the advantages of three op-amp instrumentation amplifier ?
  42. Design an instrumentation amplifier whose gain can be varied continuously over the range 1 A 5 1000. Use 100 ki–1 potentiometer.
  43. If R1 = R2 = 5 kfl and R1 = 20 kg) in a three op-amp instrumentation amplifier, determine the value of the external resistance RG required to get gain of 300. (Ans. : 133 0)
  44. What do you understand by precision rectifiers ? How do they differ from conventional rectifiers ?
  45. Draw and explain half wave precision rectifier circuit.
  46. With the help of neat diagram and waveform explain the full wave precision rectifier circuit.
  47. Draw the circuit diagram and explain the basic Log amplifier using diode.
  48. Write a short note on Antilog amplifier.
  49. Define a filter. How filters are classified ?
  50. Explain the various types of filters along with their frequency response.
  51. Explain the operation of second order low pass butter worth filter.
  52. What are the advantages of active filter over passive filter ?
  53. Explain the operation of first order low pass butterworth filter.
  54. Write the notes on :
  55. Triangular wave generator 3) Astable multivibrator
  56. Monostable multivibrator 4) RC phase shift oscillator using op-amp
    5) Wien bridge oscillator using op-amp
  57. Explain the functional block diagram of IC 555.
  58. State the functions of each pin of IC 555.
  59. Explain the use of IC 555 as a monostable multivibrator.
  60. Derive the expression for the pulse width of a monostable multivibrator using IC 555.
  61. State any two applications of monostable multivibrator.
  62. Explain with neat sketch, the working of IC 555 as an astable multivibrator.
  63. Define duty cycle. Derive the expression for the duty cycle of an astable multivibrator using 555.
  64. Derive the expression for the frequency of the output of an astable multivibrator.
  65. Explain the working of op-amp inverting amplifier. Derive the expression for its voltage gain.
  66. Explain the working of op-amp noninverting amplifier. Derive the expression for its voltage
  67. Explain the working of op-amp noninverting amplifier. Derive the expression for its voltage
  68. Compare inverting and non-inverting amplifier.
  69. Explain the use of voltage follower circuit.
  70. Explain the working of inverting summer with suitable example.
  71. Explain the working of non-inverting summer with neat circuit diagram.
  72. Explain how the average circuit can be derived from the summer.
  73. Show that the output of the subtractor is proportional to the difference between the two input
  74. What is an active integrator ? With neat circuit diagram explain the working of an active
  75. Explain and draw the output waveforms of the ideal integrator circuit when the input is i. Sine wave ii. Step input iii. Square wave
  76. Explain the various errors in ann ideal integrator circuit. How these errors are minimised.
  77. Explain the practical integrator circuit. Explain its advantages.
  78. Explain the working of a summing integrator.
  79. Explain the working of an ideal active differentiator.
  80. What are the limitations of an ideal active differentiator ?
  81. Explain the working of practical differentiator.
  82. Explain the applications of a practical differentiator.
  83. Explain the working of summing differentiator.
  84. What is an instrumentation amplifier ? Explain with suitable examples.
  85. What are the basic requirements of a good instrumentation amplifier ?
  86. Draw and explain the commonly used three op-amp instrumentation amplifier circuit. Derive expression for its gain.
  87. What are the advantages of three op-amp instrumentation amplifier ?
  88. What do you understand by precision rectifiers ? How do they differ from conventional rectifiers ?
  89. Draw and explain half wave precision rectifier circuit.
  90. With the help of neat diagram and waveform explain the full wave precision rectifier circuit.
  91. Draw the circuit diagram and explain the basic Log amplifier using diode.
  92. Write a short note on Antilog amplifier.
  93. Define a filter. How filters are classified ?
  94. Explain the various types of filters along with their frequency response.
  95. Explain the operation of second order low pass butter worth filter.
  96. What are the advantages of active filter over passive filter ?
  97. Explain the operation of first order low pass butterworth filter.
  98. Explain the functional block diagram of IC 555.
  99. State the functions of each pin of IC 555.
  100. Explain the use of IC 555 as a monostable multivibrator.
  101. Derive the expression for the pulse width of a monostable multivibrator using IC 555.
  102. State any two applications of monostable multivibrator.
  103. Explain with neat sketch, the working of IC 555 as an astable multivibrator.
  104. Define duty cycle. Derive the expression for the duty cycle of an astable multivibrator using 555.
  105. 43. Derive the expression for the frequency of the output of an astable multivibrator.
  106. Draw and explain the basic CMOS inverter circuit.
  107. Draw and explain the circuit of two input CMOS NAND gate.
  108. Draw and explain the circuit of two input CMOS NOR gate.
  109. Discuss the characteristics of CMOS family.
  110. Briefly explain the block diagram of combinational circuit.
  111. Explain the design procedure for combinational circuit.
  112. Define half adder and full adder.
  113. Design half-adder using only NAND gates.
  114. Design full-adder using only NOR gates.
  115. Define half subtractor and full subtractor.
  116. Draw and explain the block diagram of n-bit parallel adder.
  117. Explain the working of n-bit subtractor with the help of neat block diagram.
  118. Design the 4-bit BCD adder using 4-bit binary adders.
  119. Draw and explain the working of 4-bit BCD subtractor useing 9’s complement method.
  120. Draw and explain the working of 4-bit BCD subtractor useing 10’s complement method.
  121. State the difference between combinational logic and sequential logic.
  122. Explain the sequential circuit with the help of block diagram.
  123. What do you mean by present state and next state ?
  124. Draw and explain the block diagram of Moore circuit.
  125. Draw and explain the block diagram of Mealy circuit.
  126. Compare Moore and Mealy circuits
  127. What is lockout ? How it is avoided ?
  128. Give the classification semiconductor memory.
  129. Explain with the help of neat diagram the simple structure of four byte diode’ ROM.
  130. Explain with the help of neat diagram the simple structure of MOS ROM.
  131. Write a short notes on PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, NVRAM and EROM Programming.
  132. Explain with the help of neat diagram working of 771 RAM cell.
  133. Explain with the help of neat diagram working of MOS RAM cell.
  134. Draw and explain the logic diagram for RAM and EPROM.
  135. Explain the working of dynamic RAM cell.
  136. What is refreshing ? How it is done ?
  137. Compare static RAMs and dynamic RAMs.
  138. Design 32 K x 8 EPROM using four 8 K x 8 (2764) ICs
  139. Design 2 K x 8 RAM using four 2114 static RAM ICs. What do you mean by ASICs ?
  140. Write a note on ROM as a PLD.
  141. What is programmable logic array ? How it differs from ROM ?
  142. Draw and explain the block diagram of PLA.
  143. What is the function of input and output buffers in PLA ?
  144. Write the notes on :
  • Triangular wave generator
  • Astable multivibrator
  • Monostable multivibrator
  • RC phase shift oscillator using op-amp
  • Wien bridge oscillator using op-amp