BCD to 7 Segment Decoder using IC 7447: BCD to 7 Segment Decoder using IC 7447 are generally used as numerical indicators and consists of a number of LEDs arranged in seven segments as shown in the Fig. 15.1. Any number between … (Read More)

18 Segment Display: The Fig. 15.5 shows the 18 Segment Display. They are used to display numbers and alphabets. Like 7-segment displays, 18 Segment Display are also interfaced through 8279 to the microprocessor. Here, instead of 7-segment code, ASCII codes for characters … (Read More)

Types of LCD Displays: The Types of LCD Displays are one of the most fascinating material systems in nature, having properties of liquids as well as of a solid crystal. The terms liquid crystal refers to the fact that these compounds … (Read More)

Transistor Buffer Circuit: The Fig. 15.12 shows the Transistor Buffer Circuit. In these Transistor Buffer Circuit, transistor is used as a switch. It can be switch ON or OFF with logic 0 or logic 1 on port pin depending on the … (Read More)

Stepper Motor Interface: A stepper motor is a digital motor. It can be driven by digital signal. Fig. 15.18 shows the typical 2 phase Stepper Motor Interface using 8255. Motor shown in the circuit has two phases, with center-tap winding. The … (Read More)

Electromagnetic Interference: To control ON/OFF operation of ac devices we can use electromagnetic relay. This relay has both normally open and closed contacts. When a current is passed through the coil of the relay, the switch arm is pulled down, opening … (Read More)

Solid State Relay Interfacing: To avoid the problems of mechanical relays, Solid State Relay Interfacing are used. In this triac is used as a switching element and isolation is provided by opto isolators or pulse transformer. The Fig. 15.16 shows the … (Read More)

Optical Encoders: The Optical Encoders are used to get the information about the position, direction of rotation, and speed of rotation of various motor shafts. They provide this information in digital form which can easily be used by microcomputers to control … (Read More)

Interfacing Dip Switch: A series of tiny switches built into circuit board and the housing for which has a same shape as chip are known as DIP switches. The Fig. 15.23 shows the Interfacing Dip Switch housing with 11 switches. DIP … (Read More)

Process Control Block Diagram: The primary objective of industrial process control is to control physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, flow rate, level, force, light intensity, and so on. The Process Control Block Diagram is designed to maintain these parameters near … (Read More)

Sensors and Transducers: The definition of Sensors and Transducers are follows, The input quantity for most instrumentation systems is nonelectrical. In order to use electrical methods and techniques for measurement, the nonelectrical quantity is converted into a proportional electrical signal by a device … (Read More)

Speed Control of DC Motor: The Fig. 15.38 shows the analog approach to control the Speed Control of DC Motor. A tachometer is used to get the information about the Speed Control of DC Motor. It is a DC generator mounted … (Read More)

Temperature Control System: Before going to study the temperature control system, let us see the block diagram of microprocessor based process Temperature Control System. It is capable of controlling more than one physical parameter. Such systems are commonly known as data … (Read More)