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Formative Time Lag

Formative Time Lag: Formative Time Lag - In the previous section, the mechanism of spark breakdown is considered as a function of ionization processes under uniform field conditions. But in…

Breakdown in Electronegative Gases

Breakdown in Electronegative Gases: It has been recognized that one process that gives high breakdown strength to a gas is the electron attachment in which free electrons get attached to…

Resistance Grounding

Resistance Grounding: In order to limit the magnitude of earth fault current, it is a common practice to connect the neutral point of a 3-phase system to earth through a…

Solid Grounding

Solid Grounding or Effective Grounding: When the neutral point of a 3-phase system (e.g. 3-phase generator, 3-phase transformer etc.) is directly connected to earth (i.e. soil) through a wire of…

Ungrounded Neutral System

Ungrounded Neutral System: In an ungrounded neutral system, the neutral is not connected to the ground i.e. the neutral is isolated from the ground. Therefore, this system is also called…

Substation: The assembly of apparatus used to change some characteristic (e.g. voltage, ac. to dc., frequency, p.f. etc.) of electric supply is called a Substation. Sub-stations are important part of…

Circulating Current Scheme for Transformer Protection

Circulating Current Scheme for Transformer Protection: Merz-Price Circulating Current Scheme for Transformer Protection is commonly used for the protection of power transformers against earth and phase faults. The system as applied…

Differential Protection of Alternators

Differential Protection of Alternators: The most common system used for the protection of stator winding faults employs circulating-current principle (Refer back to Art. 21.18). In this scheme of Differential Protection…