Stereo FM Multiplex Reception: Assuming there have been no losses or distortion in transmission, the demodulator output in a Stereo FM Multiplex Reception, tuned to a stereo transmission, will be…

Phase Discriminator: This Phase Discriminator is also known as the center-tuned discriminator or the Foster-Seeley discriminator, after its inventors. It is possible to obtain the same S-shaped response curve from…

Amplitude Limiter in FM Receiver: In order to make full use of the advantages offered by FM, a demodulator must be preceded by an Amplitude Limiter in FM Receiver, as…

Automatic Frequency Control Block Diagram: Automatic frequency control: As previously we see, the heart of an AFC circuit is a frequency-sensitive device, such as the phase discriminator, which produces a…

Squelch Circuit: Squelch (muting): When no carrier is present at the input, i.e., in the absence of transmissions on a given channel or between stations, a sensitive receiver will produce a…

Delayed Automatic Gain Control: Delayed Automatic Gain Control: Simple AGC is clearly an improvement on no AGC at all, in that the gain of the receiver is reduced for strong…

Working Principle of Automatic Gain Control: Working Principle of Automatic Gain Control is a system by means of which the overall gain of a radio receiver is varied automatically with…

Superheterodyne Principle: The block diagram of Figure 6-2 shows a basic superheterodyne receiver. In the Superheterodyne Principle, the incoming signal voltage is combined with a signal generated in the receiver.…