Heterodyne Wave Analyzer: Wave analyzers are useful for measurement in the audio frequency range only. For measurements in the RF range and above (MHz range), an ordinary wave analyzer cannot…
Working Principle of Digital Multimeter: Analog meters require no power supply, they give a better visual indication of changes and suffer less from electric noise and isolation problems. These meters…
Integrating Type DVM (Voltage to Frequency Conversion): The principle of operation of an Integrating Type DVM is illustrated in Fig. 5.5. A constant input voltage is integrated and the slope…
Chopper type DC Amplifier Voltmeter (Microvoltmeter): Chopper type DC Amplifier Voltmeter the dc input voltage is converted into an ac voltage, amplified by an ac amplifier and then converted back…
What is Series Compensation in Power System?: Series Compensation - A capacitor in series with a line gives control over the effective reactance between line ends. This effective reactance is…
Optimal Scheduling of Hydrothermal Processes: The earlier sections have dealt with the problem of optimal scheduling of a power system with thermal plants only. Optimal operating policy in this case…
Reliability Consideration in Power System: With the increasing dependence of industry, agriculture and day-to-day household comfort upon the continuity of electric supply, the Reliability Consideration in Power System has assumed…
Optimal Unit Commitment (UC): As is evident, it is not economical to run all the units available all the time. To determine the units of a plant that should operate…