Standard Signal Generator Block Diagram and Working Principle: A standard signal generator produces known and controllable voltages. It is used as power source for the measurement of gain, signal to…
Trigger Pulse Generator Circuit: The Trigger Pulse Generator Circuit is activated by signals of a variety of shapes and amplitudes, which are converted to trigger pulses of uniform amplitude for…
Automation in Digital Instruments: Automation in Digital Instruments - One of the advantages of digital multimeters is their ease of operation. The reading is easy to take and does not…
Integrating Type DVM (Voltage to Frequency Conversion): The principle of operation of an Integrating Type DVM is illustrated in Fig. 5.5. A constant input voltage is integrated and the slope…
Dual Slope Integrating Type DVM (Voltage to Time Conversion): Dual Slope Integrating Type DVM - In ramp techniques, superimposed noise can cause large errors. In the dual ramp technique, noise…
Average Responding Voltmeter and Peak Responding Voltmeter: A simplified version of a circuit used in a typical average responding voltmeter is given in Fig. 4.23. The applied waveform is amplified…
Application of State Estimation in Power System: Application of State Estimation in Power System - In real-time environment the state estimator consists of different modules such as network topology processor,…
Proportional Plus Integral Control: Proportional Plus Integral Control - It is seen from the earlier discussion that with the speed governing system installed on each machine, the steady load frequency…