Crystal Oscillators - Circuit, Working, Advantages and Disadvantages: In crystal oscillators, the usual electrical resonant circuit is replaced by a mechanically vibrating crystal. The crystal (usually quartz) has a high…
Varistors or Voltage Dependent Resistors (VDRS): Varistors, also called the voltage dependent resistors (VDRs), show a high degree of nonlinearity between their resistance value and the applied voltage. They are…
Carrier Pilot Protection and Microwave Pilot Protection: The problem of providing economically an auxiliary channel by means of pilots for long lines directed attention to carrier techniques. In this case…
Overvoltage Articles: Simpson Theory of Lightning: The factors that contribute to the formation or accumulation of charge in the clouds are too many and uncertain. But during thunderstorms, positive and…
Applications of Insulating Materials Articles: Insulating Materials Types: There is no piece of electrical equipment that does not depend on electrical insulation in one form or an other to maintain…
Insulation Coordination in High Voltage: Insulation Coordination in High Voltage - Electric power supply should ensure reliability and continuity to the utility concerns. Hence, the power lines and sub-stations are…
Equipments in Transformer Substation: The Equipments in Transformer Substation depends upon the type of sub-station, service requirement and the degree of protection desired. However, in general, the Equipments in Transformer…
Substation: The assembly of apparatus used to change some characteristic (e.g. voltage, ac. to dc., frequency, p.f. etc.) of electric supply is called a Substation. Sub-stations are important part of…