Crystal Oscillators - Circuit, Working, Advantages and Disadvantages: In crystal oscillators, the usual electrical resonant circuit is replaced by a mechanically vibrating crystal. The crystal (usually quartz) has a high…
Photoemissive cells or Tubes - Working Principle and Types: These Photoemissive cells or Tubes devices are basically of two types namely vacuum type and gas filled type. 1. Vacuum Type…
Photoconductivity - Definition, Working and its Applications: Photoconductivity - When excess electrons and holes are produced in a semiconductor, there is a corresponding increase in conductivity of a sample as…
Sweep Frequency Generator - Block Diagram and its Workings: A Sweep Frequency Generator is a special type of signal generator which generates a sinusoidal output whose frequency is automatically varied or…
Diode Clipping Circuit - Types and Applications: Diode Clipping Circuit - For a clipping circuit at least two components—an ideal diode and resistor are required and sometimes a dc battery…
Variations of Hybrid Parameters of a Transistor: The variation of h parameters depends upon junction temperature, collector current and collector-to-emitter voltage VCE. Among these factors, the variations of Hybrid Parameters…
Determination of h Parameters from Static Characteristics: Functional relationships for the CE configuration of total instantaneous collector current and base voltage in terms of two variables (base current and collector…
Leakage Current in a Transistor and Breakdown Voltage: Leakage Currents: In CB circuits shown in Fig. 10.77, if emitter current is made zero, the B-C junction still remains reverse biased…