AC Input

AC Input: The, ac input modules that are commonly available work with 24, 48, 110 and 220 V. It is important to use the one that fits the needs based…

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PLC Applications

PLC Applications: The PLC Applications takes a certain amount of time to react to changes. The total response time of the PLC is a fact that has to be considered while…

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PLC Structure

PLC Structure: The PLC Structure mainly consists of a CPU, memory areas, and appropriate circuits to receive input/output data as shown in Fig. 21.22. A PLC can be considered as…

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Temperature Controls

Temperature Controls using an Analog Electronic Controller: A Temperature Controls scheme using an Analog Electronic Controller of Fig. 21.14 is as shown in Fig. 21.16. The temperature setting, derived from a slide…

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Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation(PWM): Pulse width modulation of PTM is also often called Pulse Duration Modulation (PDM). In this system, shown in Fig. 18.8, we have a fixed amplitude and starting…

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IIR Digital Filter Design Methods

IIR Digital Filter Design Methods: IIR Digital Filter Design Methods - Fettveis first suggested the use of one port reflection coefficients for the trans­fer of analog filter properties from the…

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Frequency Domain Representation

Frequency Domain Representation: Frequency Domain Representation - A very important representation of discrete time systems can be obtained in terms of sinusoidal or complex-exponential signals. This is possible because the…

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Types of Active Filters

Types of Active Filters: There are basically four useful Types of Active Filters. Namely Butterworth Filter Chebyschev Filter Bessel Filter Elliptic Filter Butterworth Filter: The Butterworth filter has an essentially…

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