Types of Travelling Wave Tubes: The TWT is the most versatile and most frequently used microwave tube. Four Types of Travelling Wave Tubes, each with particular applications and performance requirements.…
Reflex Klystron Oscillator: It is possible to produce oscillations in a klystron device which has only one cavity, through which electrons pass twice. This is the Reflex Klystron Oscillator, which…
Waveguide Mixers and Detectors: As we know that ordinary transistor and tube RF amplifiers eventually fail at microwave frequencies, because of greatly increased noise, compared with their low-frequency performance. Unless…
Frequency Changing and Tracking in Receivers: The mixer is a nonlinear device having two sets of input terminals and one set of output terminals. The signal from the antenna or…
Sensors and Transducers: The definition of Sensors and Transducers are follows, The input quantity for most instrumentation systems is nonelectrical. In order to use electrical methods and techniques for measurement, the…
Introduction to Static Relays Articles: Characteristic Functions of Protection Relay : Characteristic Functions of Protection Relay elements using different operating principles. These principles and design criteria determine how well the…
Fabrication of Integrated Circuits Articles: Integrated Circuit Definition: Integrated Circuit Definition referred as microelectronics, is the result of continued improvements in the characteristics and miniaturizations employed in solid state devices…
Digital Integrated Circuits Articles: CMOS Inverter Working Principle: CMOS Circuit contain both NMOS and PMOS devices to speed the switching of capacitive loads. It consumes low power and can be…