Introduction to Static Relays Articles: Characteristic Functions of Protection Relay : Characteristic Functions of Protection Relay elements using different operating principles. These principles and design criteria determine how well the…

Protective Relays Articles: Protective Relay: A Protective Relay is a device that detects the fault and initiates the operation of the circuit breaker to isolate the defective element from the…

Electrical Design of Overhead Lines Articles: Constants of a Transmission Line: A transmission line has resistance, inductance and capacitance uniformly distributed along the whole length of the line. Before we…

8085 Architecture Articles: 8085 Microprocessor Architecture : Fig. 1.1 shows the 8085 Microprocessor Architecture. It consists of various functional blocks as listed below : Registers Arithmetic and Logic Unit Instruction…

Measurement of High Voltage and Currents Articles: Series Resistance Microammeter: High d.c. voltages are usually measured by connecting a very high resistance (few hundreds of megaohms) in Series Resistance Microammeter…

Transducers Articles: Electrical Transducer: A transducer is defined as a device that receives energy from one system and transmits it to another, often in a different form. Broadly defined, the…

Signal Conditioning in Instrumentation Articles: Signal Conditioning System: The measurand, which is basically a physical quantity, is detected by the first stage of the instrumentation or measurement system. The first…