PLC Programming Languages: The term PLC programming languages refers to the method by which the user communicates information to the PLC. The two most common language structures are ladder diagram…
Data Loggers Function: The basic Data Loggers Function is to automatically make a record of the readings of instruments located at different parts of the plant. Data loggers measure and…
Modulation Frequency Definition: Modulation Frequency Definition is the process of impressing information on a carrier wave by altering either its amplitude of frequency. In amplitude modulation, the degree is the…
Audio Amplifier Frequency Response: The Audio Amplifier Frequency Response is essential for filters, couplings circuits, amplifier stages and overall audio circuits. An amplifier stage is used as an example. A…
Frequency Domain Representation: Frequency Domain Representation - A very important representation of discrete time systems can be obtained in terms of sinusoidal or complex-exponential signals. This is possible because the…
Signal Conditioning System: Signal Conditioning System - The measurand, which is basically a physical quantity, is detected by the first stage of the instrumentation or measurement system. The first stage…
Pyrometer Working Principle: When temperature being measured is very high and physical contact with the medium to be measured is impossible or impractical, optical pyrometer based on the principle of…
Potentiometric Recorder Working Principle (Multipoint): Potentiometric Recorder Working Principle - The thermocouple or millivolt signal is amplified by a non-inverting MOSFET, chopper stabilized, feedback amplifier. This configuration has a very…