Instrumentation System Block Diagram: Instrumentation System - The measurement and control of physical conditions is very important in many industrial and consumer applications. For example, the operator may make necessary…
Definition of Recorder: Definition of Recorder - A recorder is a measuring instrument that displays a time-varying signal in a form easy to examine, even after the original signal has ceased…
Network Observability and Pseudo Measurements: A minimum amount of data is necessary for State Estimation (SE) to be effective. A more analytical way of determining whether a given data is…
Load Frequency Control with Generation Rate Constraint (GRC): Load Frequency Control with Generation Rate Constraint (GRC) - The Load frequency Control problem discussed so far does not consider the effect…
Optimal Scheduling of Hydrothermal Processes: The earlier sections have dealt with the problem of optimal scheduling of a power system with thermal plants only. Optimal operating policy in this case…
Derivation of Transmission Loss Formula: An accurate method of obtaining a general derivation of transmission loss formula has been given by Kron. This, however, is quite complicated. The aim of…
Optimum Generation Scheduling: Optimum Generation Scheduling - From the unit commitment table of a given plant, the fuel cost curve of the plant can be determined in the form of…
Introduction to Optimal System Operation: The optimal system operation, in general, involved the consideration of economy of operation, system security, emissions at certain fossil-fuel plants, optimal releases of water at…