What is Transistor Transistor Logic (TTL) Circuit? Texas instruments introduced transistor transistor logic (TTL), a widely used family of digital devices in 1964. It is fast, inexpensive and easy to…
What is a Digital Integrated Circuit? In an integrated circuit, components such as diodes, transistors, resistors, inductors etc. are integral parts of the chip. And on surface of this chip,…
Leakage Current in a Transistor and Breakdown Voltage: Leakage Currents: In CB circuits shown in Fig. 10.77, if emitter current is made zero, the B-C junction still remains reverse biased…
DC Equivalent Circuit of Transistor: DC Equivalent Circuit of Transistor - In the common base circuit, the emitter diode acts like a forward biased ideal diode, while collector diode acts…
Transistor approximation (Ideal, Second and Higher): An NPN transistor is shown in Fig. 10.71 (a). Voltage appearing across the emitter diode is denoted by VBE and that appearing across the…
Transistor Lead Identification and Testing: Transistor Lead Identification and Testing - After the transistor has been manufactured, as already discussed, leads of, typically, gold, aluminium, or nickel are then attached…
Early Effect and Base Width Modulation: In active region, the emitter-base (EB) junction is forward biased and collector-base (CB) junction is reverse biased, so the barrier width at EB junction…
Ebers Moll Model for PNP Transistor: Device modelling aims at relating physical device parameters to device terminal characteristics. Device modelling is especially important for integrated circuits, since simple and accurate…