Pulse Width Modulation(PWM): Pulse width modulation of PTM is also often called Pulse Duration Modulation (PDM). In this system, shown in Fig. 18.8, we have a fixed amplitude and starting…
Pulse Amplitude Modulation(PAM): Pulse Amplitude Modulation(PAM) is the simplest form of Pulse Modulation. It is shown in Fig. 18.7. PAM is a pulse modulation system in which the signal is…
Nonlinear Distortion Measurements: One of the methods of Nonlinear Distortion Measurements consists of simultaÂneously applying two sinusoidal voltages of different frequencies to the amplifier input and observing the sum, difference…
Block Diagram of a Digital Filtering Processor: The implementation of any digital filtering consists of a series of multiplications of samples of the input and/or output signals by constants, and…
Universal Active Filter using Op Amp: With the advance of integrated circuit technology, integrated circuits with improved capabilities are appearing in ever increasing numbers. Innovative design methods and fabrication procedures…
Second Order Low Pass Butterworth Filter Derivation: A stop band response having a 40 db/decade roll off is obtained with a Second Order Low Pass Butterworth Filter Derivation A second…
Classification of Active Filters: An electric filter is often a frequency selective circuit that passes a specified band of frequencies and blocks or attenuates signals of frequencies outside this band.…
What are Passive Filters?: Passive filters are mainly networks using inductors, capacitors and resistors. The classical theory employed was based on the image parameter theory which in turn was based…