Crystal Equivalent Circuit: Crystal Equivalent Circuit - The output frequency of oscillator circuits is normally not as stable as required for a great many applications. The component values all have…
Hartley Oscillators using Op-Amp: Hartley Oscillators using Op-Amp circuit is similar to the Colpitts oscillator, except that the feedback network consists of two inductors and a capacitor instead of two…
Circuit Stability Precautions: Power Supply Decoupling - Feedback along supply lines is another source of op-amp circuit instability. This can be minimized by connecting 0.01 μF high-frequency capacitors from each…
Integrated Circuit Operational Amplifier: Circuit Symbol and Packages - Figure 14-1(a) shows the triangular circuit symbol for an Integrated Circuit Operational Amplifier (op-amp). As illustrated, there are two input terminals,…
Amplifier Testing: Preparation - Transistor Amplifier Testing and other circuits should be tested in a methodical fashion; otherwise the results obtained may be useless. The circuit should first be carefully…
Common Source Circuit Analysis: A FET Common Source Circuit Analysis is shown in Fig. 11-6. With the capacitors treated as ac short-circuits, the circuit input terminals are the gate and…
JFET Bias Circuit Troubleshooting: Voltage Measurement - JFET Bias Circuit Troubleshooting are similar to those for BJT bias circuits. The major difference is that there is only one junction in…
Common Collector Circuit Analysis: In the Common Collector Circuit Analysis (CC) shown in Fig. 6-28 the external load (RL) is capacitor-coupled to the transistor emitter terminal. The circuit uses voltage divider…