Digital Voltmeters Features and Characteristics: Digital Voltmeters Features and Characteristics which includes measuring instruments that convert analog voltage signals into a digital or numeric readout. This digital readout can be displayed…
Average Responding Voltmeter and Peak Responding Voltmeter: A simplified version of a circuit used in a typical average responding voltmeter is given in Fig. 4.23. The applied waveform is amplified…
Chopper type DC Amplifier Voltmeter (Microvoltmeter): Chopper type DC Amplifier Voltmeter the dc input voltage is converted into an ac voltage, amplified by an ac amplifier and then converted back…
Electrodynamometer Instrument: Electrodynamometer Instrument - The D'Arsonval movement responds to the average or dc value of the current flowing through the coil. If ac current is sought to be measured,…
Practical PMMC Movement: The basic Practical PMMC Movement (also called a D'Arsonval movement) offers the largest magnet in a given space, in the form of a horse-shoe, and is used…
Application of State Estimation in Power System: Application of State Estimation in Power System - In real-time environment the state estimator consists of different modules such as network topology processor,…
Bad Data Detection in State Estimation of Power System: The ability to identify Bad Data Detection in State Estimation measurements is extremely valuable to a load dispatch centre. One or…
Static State Estimation in Power Systems: Static State Estimation in Power Systems - As noted earlier, for a system with N buses, the state vector x may be defined as…