Basic Elements of Static Relay: The basic elements of a static relay are namely, Input Element: Mixing circuits are needed to sum the input signals in a convenient form. Semiconductor…
Square Wave Generators: Diode clippers can be used to remove the curved portion of the sinusoidal wave to give square waves. The operational amplifier together with an integrator, can be…
Smoothing Circuits: The rectified a.c. consists of a series of undirectional half waves of current or voltage. It is generally desirable to smooth this output. The various filters used for…
Transductor Relay (Magnetic Amplifier Relay): Transductor Relay - Since relays now have to perform much more complicated functions, many types tend to become very complex mechanically, and hence costly, to…
Static Relays Basics and Classification: A Static Relays Basics refers to a relay in which the measurement or comparison of electrical quantities is done in a static network which is…
Motor Protection: Motor Protection - There is a wide range of motors in existence for various purposes. However, the fundamental problems affecting the choice of protection are independent of the…
Phase Comparison Carrier Protection: The phase comparison pilot-relaying operates on the principle of comparing the phase position of the currents at the two ends of the protected section. The Phase…
Carrier Pilot Protection and Microwave Pilot Protection: The problem of providing economically an auxiliary channel by means of pilots for long lines directed attention to carrier techniques. In this case…