Refraction of Waves: As with light, Refraction of Waves takes place when electromagnetic waves pass from one propagating medium to a medium having a different density. This situation causes the…
Reflection of Waves: There is much similarity between the reflection of light by a mirror and the reflection of electromagnetic waves by a conducting medium. In both instances the angle…
Standing Waves in Transmission Lines: Standing Waves in Transmission Lines : When power is applied to a transmission line by a generator, a voltage and a current appear whose values…
Radio Receivers Articles: Tuned Radio Frequency Receiver: The Tuned Radio Frequency Receiver is a simple “logical” receiver. A person with just a little knowledge of communications would probably expect all…
Ratio Detector Circuit: In the Foster-Seeley discriminator, changes in the magnitude of the input signal will give rise to amplitude changes in the resulting output voltage. This makes prior limiting…
Phase Discriminator: This Phase Discriminator is also known as the center-tuned discriminator or the Foster-Seeley discriminator, after its inventors. It is possible to obtain the same S-shaped response curve from…
Slope Detector FM Demodulation: Consider a frequency-modulated signal fed to a tuned circuit whose resonant frequency is to one side of the center frequency of the FM signal. The output…
Delayed Automatic Gain Control: Delayed Automatic Gain Control: Simple AGC is clearly an improvement on no AGC at all, in that the gain of the receiver is reduced for strong…