Overvoltage Protection Articles: Lightning : An electric discharge between cloud and earth, between clouds or between the charge centres of the same cloud is known as lightning. Lightning is a…

Distribution Systems Articles: AC Distribution System : Now-a-days electrical energy is generated, transmitted and distributed in the form of alternating current. One important reason for the widespread use of alternating…

DC Distribution Articles: Booster Generator : A Booster Generator is a D.C. generator whose function is to inject or add certain voltage into a circuit so as to compensate the…

Symmetrical Components Articles: Symmetrical Component Transformation: Symmetrical Component Transformation is given by a  set of three balanced voltages (phasors) Va,Vb,Vc is characterized by equal magnitudes and interphase differences of 120°.…

Load Flow Studies Articles: One Line Diagram of the 4 Bus System: A power system comprises several buses which are interconnected by means of transmission lines. Power is injected into…

Inductance and Resistance Articles: Definition of Inductance of Transmission Line: The formula for definition of inductance of transmission line is as follows: Voltage induced in a circuit is given by…

Automation Generation Articles: Turbo Generator Excitation System: Power system operation considered so far was under conditions of steady load. However, both active and reactive power demands are never steady and…

Digital Integrated Circuits Articles: CMOS Inverter Working Principle: CMOS Circuit contain both NMOS and PMOS devices to speed the switching of capacitive loads. It consumes low power and can be…