Bias Circuit Thermal Stability: VBE and ICBO Variations - Many transistor circuits are required to operate over a wide temperature range. So, another aspect of bias circuit stability is Bias Circuit…
Transistor Testing Circuit: In-Circuit Testing - A quick test to check if a transistor is operational can be performed while the device is still connected in a circuit. Consider Fig.…
Common Base Transistor Characteristics: To investigate the Common Base Transistor Characteristics of a diode (a two-terminal device), several levels of forward or reverse bias voltage are applied and the resulting…
Transistor Voltage and Current: The Transistor Voltage polarities for an npn transistor are shown in Fig. 4-10(a). As well as conventional current direction, the direction of the arrowhead indicates the…
Transistor Operation: pnp and npn Transistor Operation - A junction transistor is simply a sandwich of one type of semiconductor material (p-type or n-type) between two layers of the opposite type.…
Voltage Doubler Circuit: A Voltage Doubler Circuit produces an output voltage which is approximately double the peak voltage of the input waveform. Consideration of the voltage doubler circuit diagram in…
Clamping Circuit: Negative and Positive Voltage Clamping Circuits - A clamping circuit, also known as a dc restorer, changes the dc voltage level of a waveform, but does not affect…
Shunt Clipping Circuits: A positive Shunt Clipping Circuits is illustrated in Fig. 3-28(a). Here the diode is connected in shunt (or parallel) with the output terminals. When the input is…