Crystal Equivalent Circuit: Crystal Equivalent Circuit - The output frequency of oscillator circuits is normally not as stable as required for a great many applications. The component values all have…
Wein Bridge Oscillator using Op Amp: The Wein bridge is an ac bridge that balances only at a particular supply frequency. In the Wein Bridge Oscillator using Op Amp (Fig.…
Colpitts Oscillator using Op Amp: The Colpitts Oscillator using Op Amp circuit show in Fig. 16-4 is similar to the op-amp phase shift oscillator, except that an LC network is…
Circuit Stability Precautions: Power Supply Decoupling - Feedback along supply lines is another source of op-amp circuit instability. This can be minimized by connecting 0.01 μF high-frequency capacitors from each…
Load Capacitance Effect: Capacitance connected at the output of an operational amplifier is termed Load Capacitance Effect (CL). Figure 15-20 shows that CLÂ is in series with the op-amp output resistance…
Stray Capacitance Effects: Stray Capacitance Effects (Cs) at the input terminals of an operational amplifier effectively introduces an additional phase-lag network in the feedback loop, (see Fig. 15-17), thus making…
Frequency Compensation Methods: Phase-Lag and Phase-Lead Compensation - Lag compensation and lead compensation are two Frequency Compensation Methods often employed to stabilize op-amp circuits. The phase-lag network in Fig. 15-7(a)…
Operational Amplifier Circuit Stability: Loop Gain and Loop Phase Shift - Consider the inverting amplifier circuit and waveforms in Fig. 15-Â1(a). The signal voltage voltage (vs) is amplified by a…