PLC Hardware Components: 1. PLC Hardware Components - The input and output interface modules consists of an I/0 rack and individual I/O modules. Input interface modules, accept signals from the…
Direct Digital Control: Developments in digital electronics have led to many industrial processes being computer controlled. The first system used was Direct Digital Control (DDC), in which a computer measured…
Bolometer: Bolometric measurements are based on the dissipation of RF power in a small temperature sensitive resistive element, called a Bolometer. This bolometer may be a short ultra thin wire…
Signal Conditioning of Inputs: Since all the data that have to be acquired, do not generally originate from identical sources, signal conditioning becomes necessary in some cases. A simple attenuator,…
Data Acquisition System: A typical Data Acquisition System consists of individual sensors with the necessary signal conditioning, data conversion, data processing, multiplexing, data handling and associated transmission, storage and display…
Signal Conditioning System: Signal Conditioning System - The measurand, which is basically a physical quantity, is detected by the first stage of the instrumentation or measurement system. The first stage…
Measurements of Thickness using Beta Gauge: Beta Gauge - A common and characteristic feature of a radioactive element is that they disintegrate spontaneously to produce fresh radioactive elements called daughter…
Thermocouple Connection: One of the most commonly used methods of measurement of moderately high temperature is the thermocouple effect. When a pair of wires made up of different metals is…