Transistor approximation (Ideal, Second and Higher): An NPN transistor is shown in Fig. 10.71 (a). Voltage appearing across the emitter diode is denoted by VBE and that appearing across the…

How to use a Transistor as a Diode - Working and Equation: The transistor can be modified to operate as a diode by short circuiting the two transistor terminals, as…

Transistor Lead Identification and Testing: Transistor Lead Identification and Testing - After the transistor has been manufactured, as already discussed, leads of, typically, gold, aluminium, or nickel are then attached…

Transistor Load Line Analysis (DC and AC Load Line and Q Point): The concept of Transistor load line analysis is very important in understanding the working of a transistor. It…

Transistor as an Amplifier - Circuit Diagram and Its Workings: The main utility of a transistor lies in its ability of amplifying weak signals. The weak signal is applied at…

Ebers Moll Model for PNP Transistor: Device modelling aims at relating physical device parameters to device terminal characteristics. Device modelling is especially important for integrated circuits, since simple and accurate…

Important Points Regarding Working of Transistors: The noteworthy points regarding working of transistors are summarized below. 1. Current conduction in N-P-N transistor is by electrons and the conventional current flow…