Shunt Voltage Regulator Block Diagram: A shunt voltage regulator provides regulation by shunting current away from the load. The block diagram of such a voltage regulator is depicted in Fig.…
Transistor Series Voltage Regulator or Emitter Follower Voltage Regulator: A simple series voltage regulator using an NPN transistor and a zener diode is shown in Fig. 43.5. This circuit is…
TTL Characteristics and other TTL Series: The first time standard TTL ICs were introduced by Taxas Instruments Corporation. They introduced 54 and 74 series, which were widely used as IC…
Integrated Injection Logic (IIL or I2L) Circuit: It is the latest entry into the bipolar saturated logic field. It uses no biasing and loading resistors at all. Resistors require lot…
Transistor approximation (Ideal, Second and Higher): An NPN transistor is shown in Fig. 10.71 (a). Voltage appearing across the emitter diode is denoted by VBE and that appearing across the…
Transistor Lead Identification and Testing: Transistor Lead Identification and Testing - After the transistor has been manufactured, as already discussed, leads of, typically, gold, aluminium, or nickel are then attached…
Transistor Load Line Analysis (DC and AC Load Line and Q Point): The concept of Transistor load line analysis is very important in understanding the working of a transistor. It…
Transistor as an Amplifier - Circuit Diagram and Its Workings: The main utility of a transistor lies in its ability of amplifying weak signals. The weak signal is applied at…