What is Optoelectronic Devices? Optoelectronics is the technology that combines optics and electronics and the devices based on this technology are known as optoelectronic devices. These devices include emitters, sensors…
Shunt Voltage Regulator Block Diagram: A shunt voltage regulator provides regulation by shunting current away from the load. The block diagram of such a voltage regulator is depicted in Fig.…
Transistor Series Voltage Regulator or Emitter Follower Voltage Regulator: A simple series voltage regulator using an NPN transistor and a zener diode is shown in Fig. 43.5. This circuit is…
What is a Digital Integrated Circuit? In an integrated circuit, components such as diodes, transistors, resistors, inductors etc. are integral parts of the chip. And on surface of this chip,…
Leakage Current in a Transistor and Breakdown Voltage: Leakage Currents: In CB circuits shown in Fig. 10.77, if emitter current is made zero, the B-C junction still remains reverse biased…
Transistor approximation (Ideal, Second and Higher): An NPN transistor is shown in Fig. 10.71 (a). Voltage appearing across the emitter diode is denoted by VBE and that appearing across the…
Transistor Lead Identification and Testing: Transistor Lead Identification and Testing - After the transistor has been manufactured, as already discussed, leads of, typically, gold, aluminium, or nickel are then attached…
Difference between Zener Breakdown and Avalanche Breakdown: The difference between Zener Breakdown and Avalanche Breakdown is given in table below Zener Breakdown Avalanche Breakdown This is observed in zener diodes…