Pilot Wire Protection Relay: In this case the auxiliary Pilot Wire Protection Relay are provided to carry the information signals from one end to the other. Protective systems requiring the…
Current and Voltage Connection in Distance Relay: It is essential for the distance relay to measure the same distance between the fault and the relay under any type of fault…
Directional Earth Fault Relay: In the case of Directional Earth Fault Relay the angular relationship of residual current and residual voltage is independent of the faulted phase and is governed…
Distance Relays Types and their Applications: In applying relays to a transmission system it is necessary to state the relay characteristic in the same terms that the system conditions are…
Operational Amplifier Frequency Response Articles: Operational Amplifier Circuit Stability: Loop Gain and Loop Phase Shift – Consider the inverting amplifier circuit and waveforms in Fig. 15-Â1(a). The signal voltage voltage…
Circuit Stability Precautions: Power Supply Decoupling - Feedback along supply lines is another source of op-amp circuit instability. This can be minimized by connecting 0.01 μF high-frequency capacitors from each…
Stray Capacitance Effects: Stray Capacitance Effects (Cs) at the input terminals of an operational amplifier effectively introduces an additional phase-lag network in the feedback loop, (see Fig. 15-17), thus making…
Operational Amplifier Circuit Stability: Loop Gain and Loop Phase Shift - Consider the inverting amplifier circuit and waveforms in Fig. 15-Â1(a). The signal voltage voltage (vs) is amplified by a…