Photo Optical Modulator: Photo Optical Modulator - The principle of an optical dc chopper is illustrated in Fig. 14.42. Devices of this type have been used widely in infrared signal…
Phototransistor Construction and Working Principle: The sensitivity of a photo diode can be increased by as much as 100 times by adding a junction, resulting in an NPN device. A…
Photovoltaic Cell Working Principle and Types of Photovoltaic Cells: The Photovoltaic Cell Working Principle or solar cell, produces an electrical current when connected to a load. Both silicon (Si) and…
AC Wheatstone Bridge: Impedances at AF or RF are commonly determined by means of an ac Wheatstone bridge. The diagram of an ac bridge is given in Fig. 11.17. This…
Fully Automatic Digital Instrument: Fully Automatic Digital Instrument - A multimeter with automatic polarity indication, automatic zero correction and automatic ranging (of course coupled with automatic decimal point indication) only…
Basic Static Relays in Protective System Articles: Basic Elements of Static Relay : The basic elements of a static relay are namely, Input Element: Mixing circuits are needed to sum…
Basic Components of Static Relays Articles: Field Effect Transistor in Static Relay : Field Effect Transistor in Static Relay is a unipolar device as compared to bipolar transistor already discussed.…
Overcurrent Protection Relay in Power System: The technique of Overcurrent Protection Relay in Power System is still widely used as a means of detecting faults on distribution system and on…