Bus Zone Protection: Bus Zone Protection includes, besides the bus itself the apparatus such as circuit breakers, disconnecting switches, instrument transformers and bus sectionalizing reactors, etc. Although bus zone faults…
Motor Protection: Motor Protection - There is a wide range of motors in existence for various purposes. However, the fundamental problems affecting the choice of protection are independent of the…
Unbalanced Loading Protection of Generator: Unbalanced Loading Protection of Generator - Whatever be the cause of the unbalance it is obvious that the negative phase sequence current will result in…
Carrier Pilot Protection and Microwave Pilot Protection: The problem of providing economically an auxiliary channel by means of pilots for long lines directed attention to carrier techniques. In this case…
Distance Protection Impedance Relay: Distance Protection Impedance Relay - It has already been pointed out that the impedance is directly proportional to the length of the line, and hence an…
Scheme of Distance Protection: In developing an overall Scheme of Distance Protection, it is necessary to provide a number of relays to obtain the required discrimination. Modern practice is to…
Overcurrent Protection of Feeders: Overcurrent relays offer the cheapest and the simplest protection for lines. The maximum load currents must be known to determine whether the ratio of the minimum…
Instantaneous Overcurrent Relays: If the relay operates instantly without any intentional time delay, this characteristic can generally be satisfied by a relay of the non-polarized attracted armature type. This relay…