CMOS NAND Gate Circuit Diagram: Fig. 3.3 shows CMOS NAND Gate Circuit Diagram 2-input NAND gate. It consists of two P-channel MOSFETs, Q1 and Q2, connected in parallel and two…
Parallel Adder and Subtractor: Parallel Adder and Subtractor which consists of three categories, namely,  n Bit Parallel Adder,Binary Parallel Adder and n Bit Parallel Subtractor. n Bit Parallel Adder:…
Voltage Level Detectors: Voltage Level Detectors - Operational amplifiers are often used in circuits in which the output is switched between the positive and negative saturation voltages, +Vo(sat) and -+Vo(sat). The…
Traction Drives Articles: Electric Traction Services: Electric Traction Services can be broadly classified as: Electric Trains. Electric buses, trams (or tramways) and trolleys. Battery driven and solar powered vehicles. Electric…
Synchronous Motor and Brushless DC Motor Drives Articles: Synchronous Motors Types: Commonly used Synchronous Motors Types are: wound field, permanent magnet, synchronous reluctance and hysteresis motors. All these motors have…
Induction Motor Drives Articles: Three Phase Induction Motors: Three Phase Induction Motors are of two types: squirrel-case and wound-rotor. In squirrel-cage, the rotor consists of longitudinal conductor-bars shorted by circular…
Electrical Drive Systems: Each Electrical Drive Systems is different from other Electrical Drive Systems. However, there are some common features associated with all Electrical Drive Systems. To understand them it…
Diesel Electric Traction System: Because of high initial cost, electric traction is justified only where there is sufficient volume of traffic. Diesel Electric Traction System is preferable where the traffic…