Microprocessor Based Instruments: Microprocessor Based Instruments - Digital instruments are designed around digital logic circuits without memory. The use of microprocessors as an integral part of measuring instruments has given…
Digital Frequency Meter: Principle of Operation of Digital Frequency Meter - The signal waveform is converted to trigger pulses and applied continuously to an AND gate, as shown in Fig.…
Working Principle of Digital Multimeter: Analog meters require no power supply, they give a better visual indication of changes and suffer less from electric noise and isolation problems. These meters…
What is a Digital Instrument?: Digital instrument are rapidly replacing their analog counterparts. The parameters of interest in a laboratory environment are (i) voltage (ii) current (iii) power (iv) frequency,…
Principles of ADC (Analog to Digital Conversion): Principles of ADC - The input signal is compared with an internally generated voltage which is increased in steps starting from zero. The…
Ramp Technique of Digital Voltmeter: Ramp Technique - The operating principle is to measure the time that a linear ramp takes to change the input level to the ground level,…
Voltage Stability Analysis: The voltage stability analysis for a given system state involves examining following two aspects. Proximity to voltage instability: Distance to instability may be measured in terms of…
Types of Facts Controllers in Power System: The development of FACTS controllers has followed two different approaches. The first approach employs reactive impedances or a tap changing transformer with thyristor…