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PLC Hardware

PLC Hardware: PLC hardware falls into the following physical configuration: Fixed Input/ Output (I/O) and Modular I/O. 1.Fixed 1/0 PLCs A fixed PLC Hardware consists of a fixed, or built-in,…

PLC Programming Languages

PLC Programming Languages: The term PLC programming languages refers to the method by which the user communicates information to the PLC. The two most common language structures are ladder diagram…

AC Input

AC Input: The, ac input modules that are commonly available work with 24, 48, 110 and 220 V. It is important to use the one that fits the needs based…

Temperature Controls using an Analog Electronic Controller: A Temperature Controls scheme using an Analog Electronic Controller of Fig. 21.14 is as shown in Fig. 21.16. The temperature setting, derived from a slide…

Proportional Controller

Proportional Controller: In many processes, the cycling that occurs with the two position ON—OFF control is undesirable. Steady process controlled in the absence of noises, is possible when the controlled…

Delta Modulation

Delta Modulation(DM): Delta modulation(DM) is process of modulation in which train of fixed width pulses is transmitted. Their polarity indicates whether the demodulator output should rise or fall at each…

Pulse Code Modulation

Pulse Code Modulation(PCM): Pulse Code Modulation(PCM) is different from the other forms of pulse modulation studied so far, PCM also uses sampling techniques, but it differs from the others in…

Pulse Width Modulation

Pulse Width Modulation(PWM): Pulse width modulation of PTM is also often called Pulse Duration Modulation (PDM). In this system, shown in Fig. 18.8, we have a fixed amplitude and starting…