Extraterrestrial Communications: Extraterrestrial Communications : The most recent, and by far the fastest-growing, field of communications involves the use of various satellite relays, of which the first was launched in…
Uses of Ground Wave Propagation: Uses of Ground Wave Propagation along the surface of the earth and, as previously mentioned, must be vertically polarised to prevent short circuiting the electric…
Refraction of Waves: As with light, Refraction of Waves takes place when electromagnetic waves pass from one propagating medium to a medium having a different density. This situation causes the…
Two Hole Directional Coupler: It is often necessary to measure the power being delivered to load or an antenna through a transmission line. This is often done by a sampling…
Quarter Wavelength Transmission Line: Sections of transmission lines that are exactly a Quarter Wavelength Transmission Line or Half Wavelength Transmission Line long have important impedance-transforming properties, and are often used…
Receiver Types: There are Two Receiver Types namely, Pilot Carrier Receiver and a Suppressed Carrier Receiver; the suppressed carrier receiver incorporates a frequency synthesizer for extra stability and also is…
Product Demodulator: The Product Demodulator (or detector), as shown in Figure 6-44, is virtually a mixer with audio output. It is popular for SSB, but is equally capable of demodulating…
Stereo FM Multiplex Reception: Assuming there have been no losses or distortion in transmission, the demodulator output in a Stereo FM Multiplex Reception, tuned to a stereo transmission, will be…